Who Anna is
Facts spoken about her
Six years old, as the Day 1 trainer reports being told; Daisy two or three. No source for either figure is given.
On film
and I did figure I did find out she's six years old and her sister Daisy's two three two or three
Daisy's household sister, not her litter sister. Two handlers say so independently. The same trainer calls one of them 'a like a pity mix', probably 'pit mix'. Which dog that sentence describes is ambiguous, and it is a glance, not a record.
On film
is two or three years old her sister anna not blood but household is um she's a like a pity
it's her sister not biologically but not biologically but you know to live together
Believed to be a rescue, as is Daisy. The handler says 'i think'.
On film
well it doesn't help the dog she lives with too that dog is also nervous so they feed off of each other because i think they're both rescues
Physically bigger in the neck than Daisy. The e-collar straps were sized for her and were a little too large for both dogs.
On film
her sister. And it needs to be just a tad smaller on both cases for the collars. Turns out Anna's neck is just a little thicker than Daisy's.
As the trainers describe her
The presenting problem, stated on Day 1: panic at noises and at any restraint, and a need for coping skills.
On film
I see she has a tendency to panic and she hears noises or when she gets restrained in any way shape or form she panics so she needs to develop some
can see they're both very similar to each other in that they're very frightened just generally really, of noises, of sounds, of looking at things, just life more generally, and definitely of me.
Quick to suppress. This is the word three different handlers reach for, and it governs how every one of them applies pressure to her.
On film
possible, because she's already really attuned to that and gets really, um, suppressed really
area where she can't see me and see how she does, and Anna's genetics and her temperament that makes her so kind of like suppressed like this, I'm not really sure.
So she I have to try my best not to suppress her because she gets stressed real easily
Quiet about it. One handler cannot read her at all.
On film
Anna, I don't know what her thing is. She just keeps it quiet.
Frightened of strangers, and specifically of being touched by them: she submits or hunches rather than approaching. One handler lists this with bolting from the car as her fears.
On film
So somebody like Anna, who can get nervous, she'll completely submit when people try to pet her.
Run away, bolt out of the car, lots of nerves just all over the place.
well and she okay i can tell you she's not gonna say hi to you she is terrified to bits
you can even see right there she like kind of like hunches back a little bit when i do that
A bolter when startled, though she otherwise keeps a steady radius. Before this handler she used to run and hide under things.
On film
like real tendency to do this thing where she'll kind of get a little nervous or like something will startle her a little bit and she'll just sort of like take off and just completely forget
when she used to just take off and run just yeah oh you said what well hide probably yeah like she would like hide under stuff
She does not lie down. Tired and yawning on place, she still never settles, and one earlier forty-minute attempt ended with no settle.
On film
and she's tired like she's yawning but she just never lays down
She was there for like 40 minutes. She just didn't want to go so she just doesn't want to settle on the place back
Close to her handler and unwilling to be left. On her own she stays so close that there is nothing to recall her from, and she does not like being left in a stationary position.
On film
wants to go to Daisy because without Daisy, she ends up staying really, she stays pretty close to me most of the time.
She knows sit but just is not a fan of when someone's going or when someone's not going.
Motivated by touch, not play. Two handlers say so independently, and a third ends a park session with a cuddle as the promised reward.
On film
Instead of playing they don't like they're not a big fan of playing. They just want cuddles, you know cuddle some pets
Yeah, you love to cuddle.
girly Anna come here Anna come here good girl good job we're gonna cuddle
Clever, and a problem-solver once out of panic. This is the trainer's reading on Day 1 and a handler's on the last dated session.
On film
She she got out of the panic mode
down good job see she's a smarty oh yes she's a smart girl
The sisters compared
Readings
On film
strikingly similar. They're like real sisters.
On film
They've got some real nerves.
Daisy's not nearly as bad, though.
Yeah, and a little bit worse.
On film
more of those daisy's a little more nervous than her other uh friend she was she was with anna
On film
both of these these dogs are there together um both of them their big thing is just the commands are looking pretty good with them now it's just breaking those nerves with these guys
Reading of the disagreement
Inference: the 'Anna is worse' reading comes from people who had been working both dogs indoors. The 'Daisy is worse' reading comes from someone who had worked Anna and was meeting Daisy for the first time, when Daisy would be at her most wary of him. That fits the handler's own point that a new handler resets a dog's trust. It is a possible explanation, not a finding.
One tension in the portrait
On Day 1, on a public trail, the trainer says she 'wants to say hi to everybody' (watch 34:37). Five weeks later at Home Depot a handler says she is 'terrified to bits' and 'not gonna say hi to you' (watch 00:39). Whether the Day 1 line was about people or other dogs is not stated. Whether this is a difference between trail and store, between dogs and people, or between handlers cannot be settled from the audio.
The program, stage by stage
Before the camera
Before 2026-06-04. Nothing filmed.
Nothing about Anna's life before the program is on film. There is no intake file and no evaluation. The Day 1 trainer has just learned her age from someone (six), and a later handler believes both dogs are rescues. What the family wanted from the program is not stated anywhere. The service was day training.
Day 1: freedom on a Flexi, and a down that comes out of panicTurning point
On or before 2026-06-04, the same day as Daisy's Day 1, with Anna worked first.
A long exploratory trail walk on a 26-foot Flexi and flat collar, e-collar worn but held back. The trainer names her problem as panic at noises and restraint and sets the dose deliberately low: freedom, a few leash pops, and 'a whole lot of nothing'. He reads progress aloud: the tail higher at the nub, no flinch when rubbed, a better response to his approach. Sit comes only after a long string of 'uh-uh'. He explains that pressure must be gentle and brief because she suppresses quickly. The e-collar is first used on a recall past another dog, not 'super high'. The down is worked three times: a quick first rep; a long second rep that ends, in his words, with her out of 'panic mode' and problem-solving on her own; and a third rep 'much better than the second time'. He frames the whole walk as teaching her that pressure can be escaped and avoided. Earlier the same day there had been leash work 'in the yard', which was worse.
On film
But if you get a dog like this, on day one, you need to be doing just a little bit, right?
In fact, my main task here with Anna is to just give her the freedom on the Flexi that she probably hasn't ever had.
trust me you can even see now by the tail position her tail position has changed
she didn't flinch when i rubbed her this time
So one of the things that Anna also is learning here when I use the negative reinforcement is that she can avoid it.
She she got out of the panic mode
and down down down good girl good job that was much better than the second time good job
The first weeks indoors: a trainer who says he does not know
About 2026-06-05 to 2026-06-23 by upload. It contains the shared-room day (on or before 06-12), the Cosmo recording and the place hold (both uploaded 06-17), and the e-collar misjudgement (uploaded 06-23). The order within the band is unknown.
In the shared-room session a handler walks out of Anna's sight to see how she copes, and says, with long silences between the sentences, that he does not know what makes her 'so suppressed', that it is taking time, and that he has tried many methods and has more to try. His next idea is to put her with her sister indoors. None of the methods is named. Later that day, on clean cues, the staff in the room agree that both dogs have 'real nerves' and that Anna is the worse. A near-silent thirty-minute indoor recording opens with a down and an instruction to 'hold the separation' and closes with 'just let her chill now'. The 'Anna & Cosmo' recording is almost all staff logistics (private, noted only); its one training exchange, about teaching a down without a sit cue, cannot be tied to Anna with confidence. In watch, a walk session, the e-collar at about 12 produces what the handler calls 'a big reaction for such a small input'. He reads it as unfamiliarity, drops the level to 7 and waits for her to return to neutral. A sit there is 'much better than last time', and a later down is 'perfect'.
On film
It is taking some time for us to work through it.
I'm trying as many different methodologies as I can, I have a few more that I'm going
I'm gonna give her a second I'm gonna go try something else in the world and see if she feels a little better with her sister in an indoor area
Yeah, and then see if you can get her to hold the separation.
That was a big reaction for such a small input.
It was only on like a 12, so she's not really accustomed to it yet.
good girl that was perfect that was perfect
Late June: the park, the placemat, and place taught from the beginning
Uploads 2026-06-25 and 2026-06-26.
At Lake Benson a handler introduces her as a day-train dog who has been learning well and is 'starting to act more dog-like'. The e-collar sits at six or seven and has not been used. Recall is 'pretty good'. The down is the sticking point: it is worked repeatedly with 'uh-uh' markers and framed as impulse control in a distracting place. Indoors, a handler runs 'exposure therapy' with a placemat that is 'not her favorite command'. Her first time on the mat had been a few seconds on and minutes off. This time the handler stops petting and talking so she faces the mat without reassurance, and after one success she chooses to stand on solid ground. In watch a senior trainer coaches a junior handler through stage one of place (on the cot on the word, no leash help) with short, winnable reps, because she is 'real nervous' and her state changes when she succeeds. He lays out stage two: wait through the nervous stare and panting, and release the instant she lies down of her own accord, never on a commanded down. He predicts a settle in about ten minutes. The recording does not say whether it came.
On film
she's starting to act more dog-like
So she has to practice some impulse control here.
She's done face a few times before, but it's not her favorite command.
Her first time was a little bit tougher.
Because even though she's real nervous, you can see how her state changes, how her psychological state changes when she succeeds quickly.
I'm going to guess ten minutes.
Turn of July: Daisy as the draw, a first public test, and a place that still never settles
Uploads 2026-07-01 and 2026-07-02.
In a group session on a hot trail, Anna's handler works her radius and her response to leash pressure, and a senior trainer has him tighten her e-collar before touching the level. The handler explains that Daisy is the only realistic way to teach Anna a recall: alone, Anna never leaves him. A short walk clip (watch) finds little pulling. That handler says her nerves will be resolved 'very slowly throughout the whole program', and that the company has an unusual number of nervous dogs at the moment. At Bass Pro Shops, her first public outing, the handler notices that praise works on her as a release. A recall-finish session finds her drifting after arrival and unwilling to hold a sit while the handler moves away; that is left as 'a lesson for another day'. In watch a cautious handler, 'scared to do down', gets her onto place with two small tugs where she once had to be dragged. She still never lies down, even with a television on low as distraction. The handler persists on a down ('I didn't back down') and walks out of the room for twenty to thirty seconds without seeing what she did.
On film
Yeah, having Daisy here is the only way to realistically keep Anna a recall because she
it should be a issue that's going to have to be resolved very slowly throughout the whole program
I've also noticed that when you tell Anna that she did good, she takes that as an okay or a break.
Maybe that'll be another lesson for another day for not only the sitting but for me to
to fight it I remember the first time she was just like you gotta drag me to
See, I didn't back down. I could not back down on that.
I really was I could not see her she could have been out
July: confidence enough to take pressure, and a store where she is still terrifiedTurning point
A handler shortens her leash to about six feet, because a startled bolt should now meet the collar at once. He says that until now her nerves could not all be addressed at once, but she has enough confidence to take pressure, so the next layer can begin. He rates a heel eight out of ten. When she pants under pressure for a sit he switches to successive approximation, a term he credits to Kelton, and allows that the communication gap may be his own. He corrects her for leaning on the end of the leash because 'she knows the rules'. At Home Depot, five weeks or so after Day 1, the same pattern is starker. Heel is her best skill, and the handler explains why: heel is an 'aware' command, and anything that needs her to relax and stay still is hard because she does not yet know how to relax. She is 'terrified to bits' of strangers, pooped when collected that morning, and hunches when a shopper pets her. Later in the visit she is not shaking or panting, which the handler reads as starting to relax. An e-collar tap on a down produces an over-reaction for the second time that day, and he resets. The stated goal is modest and explicit: she may never love everybody, but she should be able to go off leash in the store without bolting. The handler also says she must learn what the collar means before she goes home. At Tractor Supply, on or before 07-09, Daisy's handler says Anna was worked on heel and down earlier and that both dogs' commands are good, with the nerves the remaining task. He also says he once got Anna's tail up.
On film
So we can't introduce that all at once, but she's getting some confidence now to where where I can put some pressure on her and she like kind of knows what to do.
an 8 out of 10. It's nice.
the heel it's a very aware command any command that requires her to just relax and just kind of stay stationary she has a really hard time with
of the video to like you know retriever level i love everybody she may never get to that point but we at least want to get to the point where i can take her off in the store and no matter what she sees she's not gonna bolt
working on her nerves that's her biggest thing at this point and just proof the down more
really uh really against i got anna's tail to come up a little bit one day
No ending on film
After 2026-07-12.
There is no go-home lesson, no owner lesson, no handover, no final grades and no statement that the program ended. The last things said about Anna are plans: proof the down, keep working the nerves, teach the collar before home, and get her off leash in a store without bolting. Whether any of them happened is not recorded. Three associated recordings remain unread (see provenance).
Skills
Place, and the settle on place
How it was taught
Five approaches by at least five people, never tied together on camera. (1) Placemat exposure, with petting and talk withdrawn so she faces the mat on her own (watch). (2) Stage one with short, winnable reps, a release as the fourth paw lands, and fade tests; then stage two, releasing only on a self-chosen lie-down and never on a commanded down (watch). (3) Holding on place with a slip lead, moving the place spot so she cannot anticipate, and a television on low as noise (watch). (4) Long silent holds (watch; the reported forty-minute attempt).
On film
So practicing place on that rock,
She did not want to be near it.
it's like okay make sure you go place she gets one place without like needing any leash help
They look like the dog settled, but all they actually just told the dog is down.
Okay, so after I like did like two nudges or two little little tugs. She's like, okay
She just doesn't want to settle down.
But she's eyeing me right now. She wants to get off so bad.
Down
How it was taught
Negative reinforcement into the position, then release to freedom (Day 1). Repeated cues with 'uh-uh' markers and 'all the way' (Lake Benson, watch, the group session). Persistence against refusal by a handler who admits being 'scared to do down' (watch). Physical help plus an e-collar tap, judged too much and reset (watch). In the group session a senior trainer tells the room that elbows on the ground are the criterion and that the down is taught from a stand. The current track leaves it unclear whether that question was about Anna or Todd.
On film
I'm gonna test her understanding first, and then if she doesn't know it, then I'm gonna use a little bit of negative reinforcement to get her into the position, and then I'm gonna release her to freedom.
She's starting to get it.
So I gotta work with her with place and skill is down, but I'm scared to do down, you know
yes okay there we go so it's a little bit of a confused down
So that was a little too much for her.
Recall, and the recall finish
How it was taught
Come, then 'okay' back to freedom (Day 1). Daisy as the draw: Anna is allowed to want to reach her sister, called off, and released back to her (group session). Finish reps with breaks and another dog in training nearby (watch).
On film
Because I don't want her to just velcro to me and give up the freedom.
girl Anna come come good girly she's gotten pretty good at that one
doing great. She's doing really good with the radius. Anna wants to catch up to Daisy, which is useful because it gives her, it gives me an opportunity to prep the, to do the recall.
Anna knows the manpum very well. The only thing that we've refined is kind of the finish for him.
We don't want her to get too distracted until we give the release.
Heel
How it was taught
Cue, markers, release. The handler's explanation of why it outran everything else: heel is an active, 'aware' command that does not ask her to relax.
On film
That's really nice, Anna. I give that like a
deal she locks in really nice occasionally she speeds ahead but she holds the position pretty
heel is really nice
Leash yielding, the radius, and the bolt
How it was taught
Freedom on a Flexi with small pops (Day 1). Calling her back each time she hits the end of the leash, so that hitting it pays nothing (watch). A short leash so that a nervous bolt meets the collar at once (watch). Secure equipment in public because a broken leash would mean she is gone (watch).
On film
now she's she's still taking the freedom but she's staying inside the boundaries of the leash and is learning to measure 26 feet
with her let's see what she does here yes he says she stopped at the end of the leash and she came right on back to me I didn't have to e-collar or anything
her at the end of the leash and then she gets the collar with this the leash being so short it's gonna fix that problem because she'll learn that she can't just take off when she gets nervous
Anytime she feels leash pressure, she backs up instantly.
She was holding on to the end of the leash and not giving in, which is not, at this point in her training, it's not allowed. She knows the rules.
Sit
How it was taught
Gentle, brief pressure released the instant she sits (Day 1). Help into position in small steps instead of yanking when she pants with stress (watch).
On film
That's much better than last time.
dog uh uh whatever position is right i mean the proper term is a successive approximation
E-collar conditioning
How it was taught
Low levels, lowered further after a big reaction, and a wait for her to return to neutral (watch). A strap tightened before any level change (group session). Used sparingly (watch).
On film
And she's wearing the e-collar, but I haven't used it yet but it's because i don't want her to think anything of it
So I'll turn it down to a 7.
So the e-collar's on an incredibly low level for Anna.
kind of reserved you know for right now i'm not quick to use it for every single correction because that'll just stress her out too much
especially because the dog does need to be sensitized after all i don't want to send a dog home that doesn't know how what the collar means
Being left: out of sight, and holding while the handler moves away
How it was taught
Walk out and observe (watch, watch). A sit-stay to make distance before the release (watch). 'Hold the separation' in the place hold (watch). What 'separation' meant there is not said.
On film
What I'm going to do is I'm actually going to walk away, so I'm going to go into another area where she can't see me and see how she does
walk out the room for like 30 seconds i just want to see what happens i think she'll stay
go somewhere else and for her to be okay with that so maybe that's something we can refine a little next time.
Strangers and public places
How it was taught
Stores as high-distraction venues. A stranger invited to pet her so the handler can see 'how the nerves are looking'. Heel and down worked among shoppers.
On film
She's naturally a nervous dog, so it'll be interesting to see the reaction.
It's also the first time, so I don't want to push it too much.
let's see Anna let's see how the nerves are looking
she's not really shaking too much and she's not panting at all that's a really good sign
Down
On film
but of course we want the consistency to be well consistent we don't want it to
be you know you know five out of ten one time and a nine out of ten the next time
Being left: out of sight, and holding while the handler moves away
On film
No, no, down, good girl, no, down, no, down.
Good is not an okay, down, down, down, and down.
Good down.
Okay.
From the Shorts
Short clips posted from Anna's training. They are undated, so they sit beside the program rather than inside it.
A nervous first down, released at once, then a down held at a distance
The handler says the down is going rather well. The first time, she went down nervously but on her own, and was released right away to show her there was no pain in lying down; the second time she needed a little guidance with the leash; the third came on a casual word. The handler then walks 10 to 15 feet away while she holds the down, putting her back each time she starts to get up, and releases her after she holds it from about 10 to 12 feet.
On film
So, Anna and I are working on her down, and it's going rather well.
The first time we tried it, she went down nervous, but she did it on her own,
and then I released her right away just to assure her that there was no pain involved in her being down.
Second time, she needed me to coax her a little bit with the leash, leading her down.
This time, I just said it casually, and she went right down, so I'm happy about that.
I'm gonna walk away about 10 or 15 feet.
So now about 10 or 12 feet from her.
How the method adapted
Anna is handled by many people and each of them adapts on the spot. The adaptations nonetheless point in one direction. Every handler reduces or softens pressure because she suppresses. The only exceptions are a refusal not to be accepted on the down, and, once she has some confidence, a short leash and enforced rules. What never happens on camera is anyone reconciling these into a plan: the 'many different methodologies' of the first weeks are never named.
Day 1 was deliberately almost empty.
The trainer judges that a dog who panics at restraint needs freedom and trust before obligation, and says outright that he does more with other dogs.
On film
When you see somebody out, you know, day one with a dog, they might be already trying to do a lot.
But if you get a dog like this, on day one, you need to be doing just a little bit, right?
Pressure made as brief and unconfrontational as possible, because she suppresses fast.
She is 'already really attuned' to confrontation. The pressure comes off as she complies and the release follows at once.
On film
gentle and as quick with it as I could as soon as she hit the command pressures off and then I immediately release so I want it to be as little threatening feelings as possible as little confrontational feelings as possible
The e-collar level was taken down and the collar held in reserve, rather than raised to get compliance.
A big reaction to a small input was read as unfamiliarity. Using the collar for every correction would stress her too much.
On film
And I'll let her return to neutral here.
so i really haven't had to use the e-collar a ton with her
Place taught in short, winnable reps before any duration.
A nervous dog held on place for minutes learns that place means nervous. Many quick wins change her state.
On film
And what happens is, at that point in their mind, it's like place like happy, or it's place like. It's nervous.
Hey, it's crazy how relaxed winning can make you.
Reassurance withdrawn on the placemat.
So that she faces the mat on her own and her reassurance-seeking can fade. The handler stays kind but stops touching and talking.
On film
I was still nice to her, but I was not touching her anymore, not giving her thanks.
This will probably continue to evacuate her and close the place might even fall away so she doesn't do any reassurance seeking
Praise held back while she is holding a command.
To Anna, 'good' means 'you can go'.
On film
So be careful about praising her because it might incite her to get up or to break the command.
Yeah. Yeah, it's always tricky with nervous dogs because at the same time you don't want to be too much or too much.
Her sister used as the reason to leave the handler, and as a possible comfort.
Alone, Anna stays so close that there is no recall to teach. Early on, a handler plans to see whether she feels better with her sister indoors.
On film
Yeah, having Daisy here is the only way to realistically keep Anna a recall because she
go say hi to your sister don't pull
if she feels a little better with her sister in an indoor area
One layer of nerves at a time, then more pressure once she could take it.
Attacking all of a nervous dog's fears at once entrenches them. In July the handler judges she has enough confidence to be pressured and moves to the next layer.
On film
Of course, when we train a nervous dog, we do not introduce all of this at once.
Like with people, you don't just go and try to beat all the nerves at once, you can't. That's how you build up with trauma
Successive approximation instead of forcing a position, with the handler naming himself as a possible cause.
'For a dog like Anna' the position will not come fast. Yanking for thirty minutes gets nothing done.
On film
in dog training right it's perfect because what we're doing is we're not for a dog like Anna she's not going to get the position like that fast it's just not going to happen for whatever reason whether maybe I'm not maybe she's communicating a way that like I'm not like on her level in terms of communication
The one place caution was overruled: a refused down was not allowed to stand.
Backing down would teach her that refusing ends the request. The same handler opened the session by saying she must not be suppressed.
On film
If I backed down, she would be like, I just refused. You just, you just stop.
A goal set to the dog, not to the standard picture.
She may never love strangers. What matters is that she does not bolt.
On film
it means she's starting to relax now of course she's not gonna go from what we saw at the beginning
but we at least want to get to the point where i can take her off in the store and no matter what she sees she's not gonna bolt
What the family was told
In the family's own words
None on film.
Outcomes
What the trainers reported
Learning well throughout, and starting to behave more like a dog.
The Lake Benson handler, around 2026-06-25
On film
anna and her sister daisy are doing day training and she's been learning well the whole way
She's starting to get the hang
Little pulling; very happy with her progress.
The watch handler, around 2026-07-01
On film
Anna come good girl yeah you're so good okay she's doing fantastic very very happy with her progress
Heel eight out of ten; instant yielding to leash pressure.
The watch handler, around 2026-07-06
On film
an 8 out of 10. It's nice.
Anytime she feels leash pressure, she backs up instantly.
No longer afraid of this handler, after about two weeks.
The Home Depot handler, around 2026-07-12
On film
yeah she's not terrified of me now it only took like two weeks so yeah
Commands good for both sisters; the nerves are what remain.
The Tractor Supply handler, on or before 2026-07-09
On film
both of these these dogs are there together um both of them their big thing is just the commands are looking pretty good with them now it's just breaking those nerves with these guys
Doing really well on the placemat.
The watch handler, around 2026-06-25
On film
Yeah, so Anna's doing really well.
A jump in understanding on place stage one.
On film
You can see she's understanding now.
What the footage shows
Day 1: three downs obtained with negative reinforcement on a flat collar. The second is a long run of cues before success; the third is quicker by the trainer's judgement.
On film
down, come on, come on, down, down, come on, come on, come on, not quite, down,
she's figuring it out she's getting it she's getting it
A strong reaction to a low e-collar level, and a handler lowering it rather than pushing through.
On film
I think it just freaked her out.
Place: she gets on after two small tugs, but in a recorded session she does not lie down. The handler narrates her wanting off.
On film
Okay, so after I like did like two nudges or two little little tugs. She's like, okay
But she's eyeing me right now. She wants to get off so bad.
Home Depot: a stranger pets her and she hunches. An e-collar tap on a down is 'a little too much', and a down follows after a reset. Later in the visit the handler reports no shaking and no panting.
On film
you can even see right there she like kind of like hunches back a little bit when i do that
All right, let's reset.
she's not really shaking too much and she's not panting at all that's a really good sign
Recall off Daisy in the group session, and release back to her.
On film
down down yeah down okay down good girl good good job go say hi to daisy
The ideas Anna's case runs on
- Go and look at the scary thing
- Honest limits, and reliability is not permission
- Meaningful release
- One layer at a time: the order is part of the method
- Positions versus movement
- Pressure, release, reward
- Reading the dog
- Start with freedom
- Stop before you shut him down
- Teach the move, then the word
- The board, the scenes and the grades - and every trainer works every dog
- The dog tells you the reward
- The flight-risk protocol, and the one command that matters
- The pair is the unit of training
- The settle criterion
- You have to be able to reward him at all